Traditional cleanroom infrastructures, gypsum, or monolithic wall panels have been used in the past with varying success and benefit. One of the most often proclaimed benefits is the cost of those on-site built structures. Characteristically, the cost quoted at the beginning of a construction project seems to be attractive, but construction estimates are not better than ±50% at feasibility (preconcept) and ±25% at end of conceptual design. Given the above accuracy ranges, industry surveys establish that in most cases, the…
