Figure 1: Process Analytical Technology (PAT)–based in-line buffer dilution (IBD™) systems produce either binary or ternary blends with tight adaptive control. Up to 100× concentrates are diluted to meet the final dilution end product (1×) specifications. The conductivity of the diluted end product can be controlled to within ±0.1% of the upper limit of the user-defined conductivity range of the detector, and to ±0.1 pH units. Two experiments that were designed and performed to illustrate this blending accuracy are discussed…