Contract manufacturing is essential for early development of products by companies of all sizes, and it plays an important role in later production and testing. Product development is a complex process requiring manufacturing, optimization, and testing of candidate drugs, devices, combination products, and biologicals even before they ever reach the clinic. Contract manufacturing organizations (CMOs) provide services ranging from early product development and lead-candidate screening to process development, product manufacture, and testing. Outsourcing of development, manufacturing, testing, preclinical, and clinical…