Fast, accurate determination of vaccine titer during influenza vaccine manufacture (Figure 1) is important in understanding process performance and correctly scaling each process step. Traditionally, single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assays have been used as the gold standard, but they require very skilled operators to obtain reproducible results and is relatively low throughput. ELISAs have also been used to determine titer, but they have lower precision and dynamic range. Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) combines the high-throughput characteristics of a 96-well- plate–based ELISA assay in conjunction with higher accuracy and reproducibility derived from a simpler direct measurement of vaccine/analyte binding.

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