To achieve good growth of microorganisms and high yields in protein expression, the following factors in fermentation are important: medium, gas Fermentors for research and development have to meet very high standards for flexibility so that they can be easily adapted to the requirements of a wide range of microorganisms and process conditions. For that purpose, modular fermentation systems were developed, consisting of single modules such as drive, fermentation vessel, analytical instrumentation, stirrer, foam separator, ventilation, and so on. This…