The large numbers of ex vivo expanded cells that are required in many clinical cell therapy protocols (>100 million per patient) make standard culture conditions problematic and expensive, resulting from the need for extensive personnel and facilities resources and the high potential of contamination. To meet such clinical demand, a robust, automated, and closed cell-expansion method is optimal. The Quantum Cell Expansion System (CES) is a functionally closed, automated, hollow-fiber bioreactor system designed to reproducibly grow both…