Figure 1: ()   Antibody fragments (e.g., Fab, scFv, DAb, etc.) are set to become the next important class of protein-based biotherapeutics after monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). One of the advantages is that due to their structure and smaller size, antibody fragments possess unique properties (e.g., easier tissue penetration) that suit a range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The industry standard for purifying MAbs is a platform approach using affinity chromatography with protein A as the capture step. The…